Large scale piping works poses many technical considerations that is generally absent from smaller systems.  This is because the extend of stresses, expansion, pipe losses, thermal losses, power requirement, mass and volume scales up substantially.  Such large system design requires multiple calculation and analysis such as; Pipe Stress Analysis, PIpe Thermal Analysis, Water Volume Expansion Calculations, overall system hydraulic analysis, etc.  Smaller system normally would not require such indepth calculations and analysis.

Sewage treatment plant pumping station, unlike conventional pumping station, consist of a myriad of components starting from receiving chamber, screening, grit chamber, skimming tank, sedimentation tank, secondary clarifier, activated sludge tank and drying bed for sewage.

The planning and development of utilities and M&E infrastructure master plan. 
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